塔里木河鱼类区系变化及土著鱼类保护问题

塔里木河鱼类区系从６０年代前的１５种增加到８０年代的４１种；区系成份增加河平原复合体，早第三纪复合体，热带平原复合体，北方平原复合体的成份。塔河土著鱼类分布区缩小，数量减少，如新疆大头鱼已到濒危状态。影响塔河鱼类正常生长、增殖的主要因素是水利工程建筑，垦荒毁林，过度捕捞，不合理移植。文章还提出了保护塔河土著鱼类的措施。     

黄河流域农业水资源优化配置

黄河流域水资源供需矛盾日趋尖锐，本文围绕水资源最优利用问题，对黄河流域水资源配置原则，农业水资源在地区之间、作物之间以及作物不同生育阶段之间的合理配置进行了分析、探讨。     

新疆三工河流域气候暖湿化特征分析

对三工河流域近40a中山区、近山区、近沙漠区的气温、降水、蒸发资料进行月线性趋势分析，得出流域增温主要在2月和9月。2月增温趋势大于9月。流域春夏季气温多年变化较为稳定。降水增湿在1，2月和夏秋季节，夏秋季节降水增湿趋势大于冬季。整个流域夏季蒸发呈减小趋势，平原区蒸发减小趋势大于中山区。夏季降水增大与蒸发减小有较好的反相关性。流域冬季气候增温增湿显著，夏季增湿作用显著。各地暖湿化在空间和时间上有所差异，中山区相对较弱，平原区较强，近山平原区是气候暖湿化最为显著的地域。     

塔里木河生态环境演变及整治途径

在以农业为主的生产方式下 ,塔里木河生态环境演变是绿洲与沙漠同时扩大 ,而处于两者之间的自然林地、草地、野生动物栖息地和自然水域不断缩小 ,也即荒漠与绿洲之间过渡带缩小 ,这主要是由于人类活动改变了区域水量平衡、水盐平衡和生态平衡造成。塔里木河整治应实行治理上游、改造中游、拯救下游 ;合理利用水资源 ,使上、中、下游相对平衡 ;保护自然植被使下游绿色走廊得以恢复     

塔里木河干流上游土地利用动态变化研究

在干旱区 ,水资源十分匮乏。若能有效的控制塔里木河上游耕地面积的扩张 ,同时提高水资源利用率 ,则能解决塔里木河流域长期以来农业用水和生态用水之间的矛盾 ,这对塔里木河流域持续发展有重要意义。应用遥感技术进行上游土地利用动态变化则为上游耕地现状和趋势发展提供一种快速和准确的方法。本文利用 1 95 9年、1 983年、1 992年和 1 996年四个时期的航片及卫片资料 ,研究了塔里木河干流上游典型图幅土地利用的动态变化。结果表明 ,研究区域人工绿洲和居民点面积逐年扩大 ,湖泊面积明显缩小 ,而天然植被面积趋于缩小 ,难利用面积变化不大。为此 ,有关部门应严格控制目前这种耕地继续扩张趋势 ,同时加强植被生态环境建设     

黄河大柳树灌区土壤类型特征与合理开发途径

该文分析了黄河大柳树灌区土壤类型形成条件与分布格局和主要土壤类型的基本特征,在此基础上结合发展灌溉农业对土壤条件的要求,提出土壤资源合理利用与发展灌溉农业的有关问题。     

The loss of genetic diversity in Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus,Dumeril) as revealed by DNA fingerprinting

• 1. Dabry's sturgeon, a large, long‐lived migratory fish is endemic to the Yangtze River. Over‐fishing and habitat destruction have caused large‐scale declines in natural stocks in the last two decades.
• 2. Examining patterns of genetic diversity has become an integral component of many management plans for endangered species. DNA fingerprinting was applied to detect genetic diversity in Dabry's sturgeon collected in 1958–1959, 1980–1981 and 1998–1999.
• 3. Studies on direct genetic parameters (genetic variability, hypervariable loci and heterozygosity) and indirect parameters (band‐sharing coefficient and allelic frequency) showed that the continuous decline in wild populations has caused the loss of genetic diversity in present‐day sturgeon.
• 4. The present‐day populations have the lowest genetic variability; thus, effective management is needed to preserve genetic diversity.
• 5. A conservation strategy is urgently required, comprising artificial rearing facilities coupled with breeding management plans.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沿江农区山羊羔高效育肥技术

对沿江农区山羊羔高效育肥技术进行了研究,旨在探讨羊高效生产配套技术体系建设,为农区山羊产业化发展服务。研究表明,利用良种羔羊,采用高架养羊方式,饲喂优质饲草饲料,同时适当补饲精料,定期驱虫加强防疫,保证育肥山羊羔全程健康发育,能取得高效育肥效果和良好经济效益。     

Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract in 34 horses

OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between the bacteriology and aspects of history, clinical presentation, outcome and pathology of lower respiratory tract disease of 34 horses. PROCEDURE: Detailed aerobic and anaerobic bacteriological investigations were performed on clinical specimens from horses with pneumonia, lung abscessation and necrotic pneumonia with or without pleurisy in an attempt to identify those bacteria that might contribute to the initiation and progression of infection. RESULTS: Bacteria were cultured from 33 of the 34 horses. In ten cases, only aerobic/facultatively anaerobic isolates were cultured while aerobic/facultatively anaerobic bacteria and obligately anaerobic bacteria were isolated in the other 23 cases. Moderate to large numbers of anaerobic bacteria were isolated only when the estimated duration of illness was at least five days. Bacteria were not cultured from 12 of the pleural fluid samples but were always cultured from pulmonary samples (either transtracheal aspirates from live horses or pulmonary lesions at necropsy). Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus was isolated in the three cases where only one bacterial species was cultured. In the other 30 cases, multiple species were isolated. These included most often and in greatest numbers, Streptococcus equi subsp zooepidemicus, Pasteurellaceae, Escherichia coli, anaerobic cocci, Eubacterium fossor, Bacteroides tectum, Prevotella heparinolytica, Fusobacterium spp, and pigmented members of the genera Prevotella and Porphyromonas. Aerobic/facultatively anaerobic organisms were isolated from 97% of horses, while obligately anaerobic organisms were cultured from 68% of horses. CONCLUSION: There was no association between the isolation of any specific bacterium and the outcome of disease. However, obligately anaerobic bacteria (such as anaerobic cocci, Bacteroides tectum, P heparinolytica and Fusobacterium spp) and the facultatively anaerobic species Escherichia coli, were recovered more commonly from horses that died or were euthanased than from those that survived. There was an association between failure of horses to recover from pleuropneumonia and delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment.     

青藏高原江河源区退化草地人工改良措施对高原鼠兔种群动态影响

通过对江河源区退化草地采取建植人工和半人工草地的措施进行改良,以影响害鼠(高原鼠兔)种群,达到防治鼠害的目的。